Skip to main content
The Full Record
Menu

U.S. House · Texas's 31st Congressional District

Central Texas, primarily Williamson County (Round Rock, Georgetown) and part of Bell County (Killeen).

General election · Tuesday, November 3, 2026

RESULT · UNOFFICIAL UNTIL CERTIFIED

John Carter, projected winner

CandidateVotesShare
John Carter164,01253.8%
Justin Early136,73444.8%
Greg Stoker4,2271.4%

About 99% of the expected vote counted. As of November 9. Winners take office next year. Counts can change until states certify. NBC News ↗

Sources re-checked September 25, 2026 · How we research

  • Texas redrew its congressional district boundaries in August 2025 ahead of the 2026 elections, a mid-decade redistricting.[1]
  • In the March 3, 2026 primaries, incumbent John Carter won the Republican nomination with 59.7% of the vote in a ten-candidate field, and Justin Early defeated Stuart Whitlow 57.6% to 42.4% for the Democratic nomination. Greg Stoker advanced as the Green Party's nominee from its March 21, 2026 convention.[3]

On the November 3 ballot · 3 candidates

John CarterRINCUMBENTPROJECTED WINNERU.S. Representative (since 2003)Full profile →Justin EarlyDFull profile →Greg StokerGFull profile →

Issue evidence — side by side

Recorded votes, documented positions and candidates’ own words are shown with sources. “In their own words” quotes a candidate on the topic without inferring a stance. Votes describe specific bills or motions; they do not establish overall support or opposition to a broad issue. A dash means our research has no evidence on that topic, not that the candidate has no position.

Protect legal access to abortion

  • John Carter
    Recorded votes[37][38][39]

    Voted no on Women's Health Protection Act of 2021 (H.R. 3755, 2021-09-24). Voted no on Women's Health Protection Act of 2022 (H.R. 8296, 2022-07-15). Voted yes on Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act (H.R. 36, 2017-10-03), which would have banned most abortions after 20 weeks.

  • Justin Early
    —
  • Greg Stoker
    —

Stricter gun laws

  • John Carter
    Recorded votes[32][33][34][35]

    Voted no on Bipartisan Background Checks Act (H.R. 8, 2019-02-27), which would have required background checks on most private gun sales. Voted no on Assault Weapons Ban of 2022 (H.R. 1808, 2022-07-29), which would have banned the sale of many semiautomatic assault weapons. Voted no on Bipartisan Safer Communities Act (S. 2938, 2022-06-24), which expanded background checks for buyers under 21 and funded state red-flag programs. Voted yes on Concealed Carry Reciprocity Act (H.R. 38, 2017-12-06), which would have required states to honor other states' concealed-carry permits.

  • Justin Early
    —
  • Greg Stoker
    —

Expand immigration enforcement and deportations

  • John Carter
    Recorded votes[15][16][17][18][19][20][21]

    Voted yes on Laken Riley Act (S. 5, 2025-01-22). Voted yes on One Big Beautiful Bill Act (H.R. 1, 2025-05-22; 2025-07-03), which funded expanded immigration enforcement, detention and border operations. Voted yes on Secure the Border Act of 2023 (H.R. 2, 2023-05-11). Voted no on American Dream and Promise Act of 2019 (H.R. 6, 2019-06-04; 2021-03-18).

  • Justin Early
    In their own words[7]
    “Overturn Trump-era policies that weaponized immigration enforcement against communities of color. I will ensure that immigration enforcement focuses on real threats, not sowing fear in immigrant neighborhoods.”

    On the immigration section of his campaign issues page

  • Greg Stoker
    —

Raise taxes on high earners or corporations

  • John Carter
    Recorded votes[16][17][18][28][27]

    Voted yes on One Big Beautiful Bill Act (H.R. 1, 2025-05-22; 2025-07-03; 2017-12-20), which made the 2017 individual tax rates, including the 37% top rate, permanent. Voted no on Inflation Reduction Act (H.R. 5376, 2022-08-12), which added a 15% minimum tax on large corporations and a stock-buyback excise tax.

  • Justin Early
    Supports[4][7]

    Says he would work to shift the tax burden off working families, saying people should not pay a higher share than the wealthiest.

  • Greg Stoker
    —

Expand public health coverage

  • John Carter
    Recorded votes[16][17][18][23][24][25]

    Voted yes on One Big Beautiful Bill Act (H.R. 1, 2025-05-22; 2025-07-03), which reduced federal Medicaid spending and added Medicaid work requirements. Voted no on Breaking the Gridlock Act (H.R. 1834, 2026-01-08), which extended enhanced ACA premium subsidies. Voted no on Affordable Care Act (H.R. 3590, 2010-03-21). Voted yes on American Health Care Act (H.R. 1628, 2017-05-04), which would have capped federal Medicaid funding and ended enhanced funding for the Medicaid expansion.

  • Justin Early
    —
  • Greg Stoker
    —

Faster transition away from fossil fuels

  • John Carter
    Recorded votes[16][17][18][26][27]

    Voted yes on One Big Beautiful Bill Act (H.R. 1, 2025-05-22; 2025-07-03), which phased out Inflation Reduction Act clean-energy tax credits. Voted no on Build Back Better Act (H.R. 5376, 2021-11-19; 2022-08-12), which would have funded clean-energy tax credits.

  • Justin Early
    —
  • Greg Stoker
    —

Increase police funding and staffing

  • John Carter
    —
  • Justin Early
    In their own words[7]
    “Support America's first responders—police, fire, and EMS—so they can do their jobs effectively. First responders put their lives on the line for us. I'll make sure they have the resources and support they need to stay safe and save lives.”

    On the security section of his campaign issues page

  • Greg Stoker
    —

Public funding for school choice (vouchers / charters)

  • John Carter
    —
  • Justin Early
    Opposes[6][7]

    Says he will resist a national school voucher scheme and keep public dollars in public schools.

  • Greg Stoker
    —

Raise the minimum wage

  • John Carter
    Recorded votes[36]

    Voted no on Raise the Wage Act (H.R. 582, 2019-07-18).

  • Justin Early
    —
  • Greg Stoker
    —

Broad tariffs on imported goods

  • John Carter
    Recorded votes[31]

    Voted no on Resolution disapproving tariffs on Canada (H.J. Res. 72, 2026-02-11), which disapproved the tariffs on Canadian imports.

  • Justin Early
    —
  • Greg Stoker
    —

Universal, publicly funded child care

  • John Carter
    Recorded votes[26]

    Voted no on Build Back Better Act (H.R. 5376, 2021-11-19), which would have funded universal pre-K and child-care subsidies.

  • Justin Early
    —
  • Greg Stoker
    —

Require documentary proof of citizenship to register to vote

  • John Carter
    Recorded votes[22]

    Voted yes on SAVE Act (H.R. 22, 2025-04-10).

  • Justin Early
    —
  • Greg Stoker
    —

Require Congress to approve U.S. military action abroad

  • John Carter
    Recorded votes[29][30]

    Voted no on War Powers Resolution on Venezuela (H. Con. Res. 64, 2025-12-17), which would have directed the removal of U.S. forces from hostilities against Venezuela absent congressional authorization. Voted no on War Powers Resolution directing removal of forces from Iran hostilities (H. Con. Res. 86, 2026-06-03), which directed the removal of U.S. forces from hostilities against Iran absent congressional authorization.

  • Justin Early
    —
  • Greg Stoker
    —

Research notes & limits

Carter's positions are limited to official committee assignments; no 2026 Candidate Connection survey was found for him. Justin Early's positions and statements come from his campaign issues page (read in a headless browser) and a Community Impact Q&A; no statements on abortion, guns, the minimum wage or other guide issues were found on his site. No biography, campaign website, or Candidate Connection survey was found for Greg Stoker on Ballotpedia; his campaign site (stokerfortexas.com) is behind a bot-verification page and was not read. His entry draws only on press coverage of his January 2026 announcement and is minimal. Federal key votes and FEC totals for the incumbent are added separately by script. No Candidate Connection survey or official campaign website was found for Greg Stoker, and his Ballotpedia page has no biography; his biography relies on one news report and may be incomplete. Biography details for Justin Early come mainly from his Ballotpedia survey and campaign website and are self-described.

Sources · 48

Researched 2026-09-25. Green citations are official government records.

  1. 1.United States House of Representatives elections in Texas, 2026 · Ballotpedia Reference
  2. 2.John Carter (Texas) · Ballotpedia Reference
  3. 3.Greg Stoker · Ballotpedia Reference
  4. 4.Justin Early — campaign website statement · Ballotpedia (campaign website statement) Candidate's own words
  5. 5.Healthcare — Rep. John Carter official site · Office of Rep. John Carter Official record
  6. 6.Justin Early — Candidate Connection survey · Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey Candidate's own words
  7. 7.Issues - Justin Early for Congress · Justin Early for Congress (campaign website) Candidate's own words
  8. 8.Election Q&A: Hear from the Democratic candidates running for US House District 31 · Community Impact · 2026-01-28 News report
  9. 9.Former US soldiers turned Palestine advocates make a run for Congress · Middle East Eye · 2026-01-27 News report
  10. 10.John Carter (Texas) · Ballotpedia Reference
  11. 11.About | U.S. Representative John Carter · Office of Rep. John Carter Official record
  12. 12.Texas's 31st Congressional District election results 2026 · NBC News News report
  13. 13.H.R. 38, the Constitutional Concealed Carry Reciprocity Act (Constitutional Concealed Carry Reciprocity Act of 2025) — sponsors and cosponsors · Congress.gov Official record
  14. 14.H.R. 722, the Life at Conception Act (Life at Conception Act) — sponsors and cosponsors · Congress.gov Official record
  15. 15.Roll call: Laken Riley Act — final passage · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House · 2025-01-22 Official record
  16. 16.Roll call: One Big Beautiful Bill Act — House passage · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House · 2025-05-22 Official record
  17. 17.H.R. 1 (119th Congress) — One Big Beautiful Bill Act: text and summary · Congress.gov Official record
  18. 18.Roll call: One Big Beautiful Bill Act — final passage · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House · 2025-07-03 Official record
  19. 19.Roll call: Secure the Border Act of 2023 — House passage · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House · 2023-05-11 Official record
  20. 20.Roll call: American Dream and Promise Act of 2019 — House passage · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House · 2019-06-04 Official record
  21. 21.Roll call: American Dream and Promise Act of 2021 — House passage · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House · 2021-03-18 Official record
  22. 22.Roll call: SAVE Act — proof-of-citizenship voter registration · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House · 2025-04-10 Official record
  23. 23.Roll call: Breaking the Gridlock Act — ACA subsidy extension · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House · 2026-01-08 Official record
  24. 24.Roll call: Affordable Care Act — final House passage · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House · 2010-03-21 Official record
  25. 25.Roll call: American Health Care Act — House passage · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House · 2017-05-04 Official record
  26. 26.Roll call: Build Back Better Act — House passage · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House · 2021-11-19 Official record
  27. 27.Roll call: Inflation Reduction Act — final House passage · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House · 2022-08-12 Official record
  28. 28.Roll call: Tax Cuts and Jobs Act — final House passage · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House · 2017-12-20 Official record
  29. 29.Roll call: War Powers Resolution on Venezuela · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House · 2025-12-17 Official record
  30. 30.Roll call: War Powers Resolution directing removal of forces from Iran hostilities · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House · 2026-06-03 Official record
  31. 31.Roll call: Resolution disapproving tariffs on Canada · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House · 2026-02-11 Official record
  32. 32.Roll call: Bipartisan Background Checks Act — House passage · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House · 2019-02-27 Official record
  33. 33.Roll call: Assault Weapons Ban of 2022 — House passage · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House · 2022-07-29 Official record
  34. 34.Roll call: Bipartisan Safer Communities Act — final House passage · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House · 2022-06-24 Official record
  35. 35.Roll call: Concealed Carry Reciprocity Act — House passage · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House · 2017-12-06 Official record
  36. 36.Roll call: Raise the Wage Act — House passage · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House · 2019-07-18 Official record
  37. 37.Roll call: Women's Health Protection Act of 2021 — House passage · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House · 2021-09-24 Official record
  38. 38.Roll call: Women's Health Protection Act of 2022 — House passage · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House · 2022-07-15 Official record
  39. 39.Roll call: Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act — House passage · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House · 2017-10-03 Official record
  40. 40.Justin Early — campaign website statement · Ballotpedia (campaign website statement) Candidate's own words
  41. 41.Meet Justin · Justin Early for Congress Candidate's own words
  42. 42.United States House of Representatives elections in Texas, 2026 · Ballotpedia Reference
  43. 43.Democrat enters Texas' 31st Congressional District race · Williamson County Sun · 2025-07-28 News report
  44. 44.U.S. House · Texas's 31st Congressional District results 2026 · NBC News News report
  45. 45.Former US soldiers turned Palestine advocates make a run for Congress · Middle East Eye · 2026-01-27 News report
  46. 46.Greg Stoker · Ballotpedia Reference
  47. 47.Pro-Palestinian activist, veteran Greg Stoker running against 'ShamWow Guy' for Congress in Austin · San Antonio Current · 2026-10-19 News report
  48. 48.U.S. House · Texas's 31st Congressional District results 2026 · NBC News News report