U.S. House · Florida's 28th District

Southern Miami-Dade and the Florida Keys (Monroe County), including Homestead, Florida City and Key West.

General election · Tuesday, November 3, 2026

✓ Fact-checked 2026-09-25: 20 claims re-checked against their sources

A second, independent research pass re-opened every cited source for this race and corrected or removed anything the source didn’t support.

On the ballot · 3 candidates

Where they stand — side by side

Only positions documented in a cited source are shown. Where an officeholder’s recorded votes speak to an issue, the votes set the position (marked “votes”). A dash means we found no clear public position — not that the candidate has none.

ISSUECarlos Gimenez
R
Phil Ehr
D
Eddy Rojas
IND
Protect legal access to abortionOpposes[21][22]votesSupports[4]—
Stricter gun lawsOpposes[19][20]votesSupports[4]—
Expand immigration enforcement and deportationsMixed[9][10][11][12][13][14]votes——
Raise taxes on high earners or corporationsOpposes[10][11][12][17]votes——
Expand public health coverageOpposes[10][11][12][15]votesSupports[4]—
Faster transition away from fossil fuelsOpposes[10][11][12][16][17]votes · says otherwiseSupports[4]—
Broad tariffs on imported goodsSupports[18]votes——
Universal, publicly funded child careOpposes[16]votes——

The candidates, in full

Carlos Gimenez

RINCUMBENTU.S. Representative, Florida's 28th District (since 2023); in Congress since 2021

Advanced from a canceled Republican primary, unopposed.

Carlos Gimenez is the Republican incumbent seeking re-election in Florida's 28th District. He previously served as Mayor of Miami-Dade County (2011-2020), city manager of Miami, and a Miami firefighter, and has represented South Florida in Congress since 2021.[1][2]

Basic profile — the most important sourced facts we found.

Key votes in Congress

  • NoWar Powers Resolution directing removal of forces from Iran hostilities · H. Con. Res. 86 · Passed 215–208 · 2026-06-03 roll call ↗The resolution directs the President to remove U.S. armed forces from hostilities with Iran that Congress has not authorized, invoking the War Powers Resolution. It passed the House with support from Democrats and a number of Republicans.
  • NoResolution disapproving tariffs on Canada · H.J. Res. 72 · Passed 219–211 · 2026-02-11 roll call ↗The resolution terminates the national emergency the President declared in February 2025 to justify a 25 percent tariff on imports from Canada, ending that tariff if it becomes law. It passed with a bipartisan majority, including several Republicans who broke with the administration on trade policy.
  • YesConsolidated Appropriations Act, 2026 — full-year government funding · H.R. 7148 · Passed 217–214 · 2026-02-03 roll call ↗The bill provides full-year discretionary appropriations for federal agencies for the remainder of fiscal year 2026, replacing the stopgap funding enacted after the fall 2025 shutdown. It sets spending levels across defense and non-defense programs through September 2026.
  • NoBreaking the Gridlock Act — ACA subsidy extension · H.R. 1834 · Passed 230–196 · 2026-01-08 roll call ↗The bill extends for additional years the enhanced Affordable Care Act premium tax credits that were expanded in 2021 and had lapsed at the end of 2025, lowering health-insurance premiums for people who buy coverage on ACA marketplaces. It passed with support from nearly all Democrats and a small group of Republicans.
  • NoWar Powers Resolution on Venezuela · H. Con. Res. 64 · Failed 211–213 · 2025-12-17 roll call ↗The resolution would have directed the President to remove U.S. armed forces from hostilities in or against Venezuela that Congress had not authorized. It failed after U.S. military strikes on suspected drug-trafficking vessels off Venezuela had raised questions in Congress about the administration's legal authority for military action in the region.
  • Didn't voteNational Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026 — final passage · S. 1071 · Passed 312–112 · 2025-12-10 roll call ↗The fiscal year 2026 NDAA authorizes roughly $900 billion in defense spending, including a pay raise for service members and funding for shipbuilding, munitions, and missile-defense programs. It also sets policy on military personnel, procurement, and other Defense Department programs for the year.
  • YesEpstein Files Transparency Act · H.R. 4405 · Passed 427–1 · 2025-11-18 roll call ↗The bill directs the Department of Justice to publicly release its investigative files related to Jeffrey Epstein within 30 days, while allowing redactions to protect victim identities, ongoing investigations, and law enforcement techniques. It passed with near-unanimous support.
  • YesContinuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2026 — shutdown-ending vote · H.R. 5371 · Passed 222–209 · 2025-11-12 roll call ↗The bill reopened the federal government after a 43-day shutdown by funding most agencies through January 30, 2026, and providing full-year funding for a smaller group of agencies through September 2026. It also reversed shutdown-related federal layoffs and funded SNAP benefits retroactively.
  • YesCLARITY Act — digital asset market structure · H.R. 3633 · Passed 294–134 · 2025-07-17 roll call ↗The CLARITY Act creates a regulatory framework dividing oversight of digital assets between the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission. It sets registration and disclosure requirements for cryptocurrency exchanges and other digital-asset intermediaries.
  • YesGENIUS Act — stablecoin regulation · S. 1582 · Passed 308–122 · 2025-07-17 roll call ↗The GENIUS Act creates a federal regulatory framework for payment stablecoins, requiring issuers to hold reserves backing their tokens on a one-to-one basis and to comply with new disclosure and licensing rules. It was the first major piece of cryptocurrency legislation enacted into federal law.
  • YesOne Big Beautiful Bill Act — final passage · H.R. 1 · Passed 218–214 · 2025-07-03 roll call ↗H.R. 1, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, extends and expands the 2017 tax cuts, adds new deductions for tips, overtime pay, and seniors, and raises the cap on state and local tax deductions. It increases border security and defense spending while cutting projected Medicaid and SNAP spending and adding new work requirements; President Trump signed it into law on July 4, 2025.
  • YesRescissions Act of 2025 · H.R. 4 · Passed 214–212 · 2025-06-12 roll call ↗The Rescissions Act canceled about $9 billion in previously approved federal spending, mostly for foreign aid programs and for the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. It was the first rescissions package Congress had approved in decades.
  • YesOne Big Beautiful Bill Act — House passage · H.R. 1 · Passed 215–214 · 2025-05-22 roll call ↗H.R. 1 extends and modifies the 2017 individual and business tax cuts, creates new deductions for tips and overtime pay, and increases spending on border security and defense. It also reduces projected spending on Medicaid and food-assistance programs and adds new work requirements for some recipients.
  • YesSAVE Act — proof-of-citizenship voter registration · H.R. 22 · Passed 220–208 · 2025-04-10 roll call ↗The SAVE Act would require individuals to provide documentary proof of U.S. citizenship in person when registering to vote in federal elections. It also directs states to establish procedures to remove noncitizens identified on voter rolls.
  • YesFull-Year Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025 · H.R. 1968 · Passed 217–213 · 2025-03-11 roll call ↗The bill funded the federal government through the remainder of fiscal year 2025, largely at prior-year spending levels, averting a shutdown ahead of a March 14 deadline. It also extended several expiring health and other program authorizations.
  • YesLaken Riley Act — final passage · S. 5 · Passed 263–156 · 2025-01-22 roll call ↗The Laken Riley Act requires the Department of Homeland Security to detain undocumented immigrants who are arrested, charged, or convicted for theft, burglary, or certain violent crimes. It also allows state attorneys general to sue the federal government over certain immigration enforcement decisions.
  • YesSecure the Border Act of 2023 — House passage · H.R. 2 · Passed 219–213 · 2023-05-11 roll call ↗Would have resumed border-wall construction, restricted asylum eligibility, expanded detention, and mandated E-Verify for employers.
  • NoInflation Reduction Act — final House passage · H.R. 5376 · Passed 220–207 · 2022-08-12 roll call ↗Enacted clean-energy and climate tax credits, a 15% minimum tax on large corporations' book income, a 1% excise tax on stock buybacks, and Medicare drug-price negotiation.
  • NoAssault Weapons Ban of 2022 — House passage · H.R. 1808 · Passed 217–213 · 2022-07-29 roll call ↗Would have banned the sale, manufacture and import of many semiautomatic assault weapons and large-capacity magazines.
  • NoWomen's Health Protection Act of 2022 — House passage · H.R. 8296 · Passed 219–210 · 2022-07-15 roll call ↗Passed after Dobbs; would have created a federal statutory right to abortion services and limited state restrictions.
  • NoBipartisan Safer Communities Act — final House passage · S. 2938 · Passed 234–193 · 2022-06-24 roll call ↗Expanded background checks for buyers under 21, funded state red-flag and crisis-intervention programs, and narrowed the "boyfriend loophole."
  • NoBuild Back Better Act — House passage · H.R. 5376 · Passed 220–213 · 2021-11-19 roll call ↗Would have funded clean-energy tax credits, universal pre-kindergarten and child-care subsidies, and extended health-coverage subsidies; it did not pass the Senate.
  • NoWomen's Health Protection Act of 2021 — House passage · H.R. 3755 · Passed 218–211 · 2021-09-24 roll call ↗Would have created a federal statutory right for providers to offer, and patients to receive, abortion services, limiting state restrictions.
  • YesAmerican Dream and Promise Act of 2021 — House passage · H.R. 6 · Passed 228–197 · 2021-03-18 roll call ↗Would have created a path to permanent legal status for many undocumented immigrants brought to the U.S. as children and for certain TPS and DED holders.

On the record — official actions

  • actionServes on the House Select Committee on the Strategic Competition Between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party, the Committee on Homeland Security (chairing the Subcommittee on Transportation and Maritime Security), and the House Armed Services Committee in the 119th Congress (2025-2026).[2]

Positions on the issues

  • MixedExpand immigration enforcement and deportationsFrom recorded votes

    Voted yes on Laken Riley Act (S. 5, 2025-01-22). Voted yes on One Big Beautiful Bill Act (H.R. 1, 2025-05-22; 2025-07-03), which funded expanded immigration enforcement, detention and border operations. Voted yes on Secure the Border Act of 2023 (H.R. 2, 2023-05-11). Voted yes on American Dream and Promise Act of 2021 (H.R. 6, 2021-03-18).[9][10][11][12][13][14]

    What they say: On his official issues page, supports devoting more resources to border security and opposes sanctuary cities that limit local cooperation with federal immigration enforcement, but also supports a path to legal status (rather than deportation) for undocumented immigrants already in the country, continuation of DACA, and Deferred Enforced Departure for Venezuelans.[6]

  • OpposesRaise taxes on high earners or corporationsFrom recorded votes

    Voted yes on One Big Beautiful Bill Act (H.R. 1, 2025-05-22; 2025-07-03), which made the 2017 individual tax rates, including the 37% top rate, permanent. Voted no on Inflation Reduction Act (H.R. 5376, 2022-08-12), which added a 15% minimum tax on large corporations and a stock-buyback excise tax.[10][11][12][17]

    What they say: Opposes raising the corporate tax rate above 21% or creating a new annual wealth tax, and opposes raising tax rates on corporations and small businesses to pay for new spending.[7]

    “I also oppose increasing tax rates on corporations and small businesses as a means of paying for new spending and oppose the implementation of an annual wealth tax.”
  • OpposesFaster transition away from fossil fuelsFrom recorded votes

    Voted yes on One Big Beautiful Bill Act (H.R. 1, 2025-05-22; 2025-07-03), which phased out Inflation Reduction Act clean-energy tax credits. Voted no on Build Back Better Act (H.R. 5376, 2021-11-19; 2022-08-12), which would have funded clean-energy tax credits.[10][11][12][16][17]

    What they say: (their stated position — mixed — differs from their votes) Says he supports an "all-of-the-above" approach to domestic energy that includes deployment of clean-energy technology, while also emphasizing continued U.S. oil and gas production and energy independence rather than moving away from fossil fuels.[8]

    “I support an all-of-the-above approach to domestic energy production with a focus on research, and deployment of new, clean energy technologies that ensures all Americans have access to affordable and reliable energy sources.”
  • OpposesExpand public health coverageFrom recorded votes

    Voted yes on One Big Beautiful Bill Act (H.R. 1, 2025-05-22; 2025-07-03), which reduced federal Medicaid spending and added Medicaid work requirements. Voted no on Breaking the Gridlock Act (H.R. 1834, 2026-01-08).[10][11][12][15]

  • SupportsBroad tariffs on imported goodsFrom recorded votes

    Voted no on Resolution disapproving tariffs on Canada (H.J. Res. 72, 2026-02-11).[18]

  • OpposesUniversal, publicly funded child careFrom recorded votes

    Voted no on Build Back Better Act (H.R. 5376, 2021-11-19), which would have funded universal pre-K and child-care subsidies.[16]

  • OpposesStricter gun lawsFrom recorded votes

    Voted no on Assault Weapons Ban of 2022 (H.R. 1808, 2022-07-29). Voted no on Bipartisan Safer Communities Act (S. 2938, 2022-06-24).[19][20]

  • OpposesProtect legal access to abortionFrom recorded votes

    Voted no on Women's Health Protection Act of 2021 (H.R. 3755, 2021-09-24). Voted no on Women's Health Protection Act of 2022 (H.R. 8296, 2022-07-15).[21][22]

In their words — priorities

  • Economy and Taxes: says lowering taxes, reforming the legal system to reduce undue liability for businesses, cutting regulations, and fostering a strong business climate are needed to sustain small-business growth.[7]
  • Energy: supports an "all-of-the-above" approach to domestic energy production, opposes offshore drilling off Florida's coast, and supports deployment of clean-energy technology.[8]
  • Immigration: prioritizes border-security resources alongside a path to legal status for undocumented immigrants already in the country, and continuation of DACA and Deferred Enforced Departure for Venezuelans.[6]

Background

  • Born in Cuba; graduated from Christopher Columbus High School and earned a bachelor's degree in public administration from Barry University (1999).[2]
  • Worked as a firefighter with the City of Miami Fire Department and later served as Miami's city manager.[2]
  • Served as Mayor of Miami-Dade County from 2011 to 2020.[2]

Campaign money

Raised $601K · spent $484K · $693K cash on hand (through 2026-07-29) FEC filing ↗

Phil Ehr

D

Advanced from a canceled Democratic primary, unopposed.

Phil Ehr is the Democratic nominee for Florida's 28th Congressional District. He is a retired U.S. Navy officer who has run for Congress in South Florida in prior cycles.[1][3]

Basic profile — the most important sourced facts we found.

Positions on the issues

  • SupportsExpand public health coverage

    Lists strengthening Medicare and Social Security among his campaign priorities.[4]

  • SupportsStricter gun laws

    Says he would work to enact stronger gun laws to address gun violence.[4]

    “Stop the mass murder epidemic by enacting responsible gun laws.”
  • SupportsProtect legal access to abortion

    Says he would work to restore abortion rights by removing government restrictions on reproductive decisions.[4]

  • SupportsFaster transition away from fossil fuels

    Lists protecting Florida's environment by building clean energy and water infrastructure among his priorities.[4]

In their words — priorities

  • Reducing Florida's cost of living and strengthening Medicare and Social Security.[4]
  • Securing the border and reforming legal immigration.[4]
  • Supporting public education and labor unions in Florida, and protecting the environment through clean energy and water infrastructure.[4]

Background

  • Earned an undergraduate degree from the University of the State of New York and a master's degree in international relations from Troy State University.[3]
  • Served in the United States Navy from 1982 to 2008.[3]

Campaign money

Raised $438K · spent $76K · $455K cash on hand (through 2026-06-30) FEC filing ↗

Eddy Rojas

IND

Eddy Rojas is a No Party Affiliation candidate on the general-election ballot for Florida's 28th District.[1][5]

Little public record found for this candidate.

Research notes & limits

Gimenez's federal key votes and FEC finance totals are added separately by script.

Sources · 22

Researched 2026-09-25. Green citations are official government records.

  1. 1.Florida's 28th Congressional District election, 2026 · Ballotpedia · 2026-09-25 Reference
  2. 2.Carlos Gimenez · Ballotpedia · 2026-09-25 Reference
  3. 3.Phil Ehr · Ballotpedia · 2026-09-25 Reference
  4. 4.Phil Ehr - campaign website (quoted via Ballotpedia) · Phil Ehr for Congress · 2024 Candidate's own words
  5. 5.Eddy Rojas · Ballotpedia · 2026-09-25 Reference
  6. 6.Immigration · Office of Rep. Carlos Gimenez · 2026-09-25 Official record
  7. 7.Economy and Taxes · Office of Rep. Carlos Gimenez · 2026-09-25 Official record
  8. 8.Energy · Office of Rep. Carlos Gimenez · 2026-09-25 Official record
  9. 9.Roll call: Laken Riley Act — final passage · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House · 2025-01-22 Official record
  10. 10.Roll call: One Big Beautiful Bill Act — House passage · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House · 2025-05-22 Official record
  11. 11.H.R. 1 (119th Congress) — One Big Beautiful Bill Act: text and summary · Congress.gov Official record
  12. 12.Roll call: One Big Beautiful Bill Act — final passage · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House · 2025-07-03 Official record
  13. 13.Roll call: Secure the Border Act of 2023 — House passage · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House · 2023-05-11 Official record
  14. 14.Roll call: American Dream and Promise Act of 2021 — House passage · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House · 2021-03-18 Official record
  15. 15.Roll call: Breaking the Gridlock Act — ACA subsidy extension · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House · 2026-01-08 Official record
  16. 16.Roll call: Build Back Better Act — House passage · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House · 2021-11-19 Official record
  17. 17.Roll call: Inflation Reduction Act — final House passage · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House · 2022-08-12 Official record
  18. 18.Roll call: Resolution disapproving tariffs on Canada · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House · 2026-02-11 Official record
  19. 19.Roll call: Assault Weapons Ban of 2022 — House passage · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House · 2022-07-29 Official record
  20. 20.Roll call: Bipartisan Safer Communities Act — final House passage · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House · 2022-06-24 Official record
  21. 21.Roll call: Women's Health Protection Act of 2021 — House passage · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House · 2021-09-24 Official record
  22. 22.Roll call: Women's Health Protection Act of 2022 — House passage · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House · 2022-07-15 Official record