U.S. House · California's 16th Congressional District

Santa Clara County, centered on San Jose.

General election · Tuesday, November 3, 2026

✓ Fact-checked 2026-09-25: 20 claims re-checked against their sources · 1 corrected · 0 removed

A second, independent research pass re-opened every cited source for this race and corrected or removed anything the source didn’t support.

  • Peter Soule's education background (UC Santa Barbara bachelor's, Golden Gate University graduate degree) was cited to s2, which is Sam Liccardo's Ballotpedia page and does not mention Soule. Fact is correct but was mis-sourced; added Soule's own Ballotpedia page as a new source (s6) and re-cited to it.

On the ballot · 2 candidates

Where they stand — side by side

Only positions documented in a cited source are shown. Where an officeholder’s recorded votes speak to an issue, the votes set the position (marked “votes”). A dash means we found no clear public position — not that the candidate has none.

ISSUESam Liccardo
D
Peter Soule
R
Stricter gun laws—Opposes[5]
Expand immigration enforcement and deportationsOpposes[7][8][9][10]votesSupports[5]
Loosen zoning rules to build more housingSupports[4]Mixed[5]
Raise taxes on high earners or corporationsSupports[8][9][10]votes—
Expand public health coverageSupports[8][9][10][11]votes—
Faster transition away from fossil fuelsSupports[8][9][10]votes—
Public funding for school choice (vouchers / charters)—Supports[5]
Broad tariffs on imported goodsOpposes[12]votes—

The candidates, in full

Sam Liccardo

DINCUMBENTU.S. Representative for California's 16th Congressional District (since 2025); previously Mayor of San Jose (2015-2023)

Won the June 2, 2026 top-two primary with about 76% of the vote.

Sam Liccardo is the Democratic incumbent representing California's 16th Congressional District, centered on San Jose. A former prosecutor, San Jose City Council member, and mayor of San Jose, he was elected to Congress in 2024 and has focused on housing legislation as a freshman member.[2]

Basic profile — the most important sourced facts we found.

Key votes in Congress

  • YesWar Powers Resolution directing removal of forces from Iran hostilities · H. Con. Res. 86 · Passed 215–208 · 2026-06-03 roll call ↗The resolution directs the President to remove U.S. armed forces from hostilities with Iran that Congress has not authorized, invoking the War Powers Resolution. It passed the House with support from Democrats and a number of Republicans.
  • YesResolution disapproving tariffs on Canada · H.J. Res. 72 · Passed 219–211 · 2026-02-11 roll call ↗The resolution terminates the national emergency the President declared in February 2025 to justify a 25 percent tariff on imports from Canada, ending that tariff if it becomes law. It passed with a bipartisan majority, including several Republicans who broke with the administration on trade policy.
  • NoConsolidated Appropriations Act, 2026 — full-year government funding · H.R. 7148 · Passed 217–214 · 2026-02-03 roll call ↗The bill provides full-year discretionary appropriations for federal agencies for the remainder of fiscal year 2026, replacing the stopgap funding enacted after the fall 2025 shutdown. It sets spending levels across defense and non-defense programs through September 2026.
  • YesBreaking the Gridlock Act — ACA subsidy extension · H.R. 1834 · Passed 230–196 · 2026-01-08 roll call ↗The bill extends for additional years the enhanced Affordable Care Act premium tax credits that were expanded in 2021 and had lapsed at the end of 2025, lowering health-insurance premiums for people who buy coverage on ACA marketplaces. It passed with support from nearly all Democrats and a small group of Republicans.
  • YesWar Powers Resolution on Venezuela · H. Con. Res. 64 · Failed 211–213 · 2025-12-17 roll call ↗The resolution would have directed the President to remove U.S. armed forces from hostilities in or against Venezuela that Congress had not authorized. It failed after U.S. military strikes on suspected drug-trafficking vessels off Venezuela had raised questions in Congress about the administration's legal authority for military action in the region.
  • NoNational Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026 — final passage · S. 1071 · Passed 312–112 · 2025-12-10 roll call ↗The fiscal year 2026 NDAA authorizes roughly $900 billion in defense spending, including a pay raise for service members and funding for shipbuilding, munitions, and missile-defense programs. It also sets policy on military personnel, procurement, and other Defense Department programs for the year.
  • YesEpstein Files Transparency Act · H.R. 4405 · Passed 427–1 · 2025-11-18 roll call ↗The bill directs the Department of Justice to publicly release its investigative files related to Jeffrey Epstein within 30 days, while allowing redactions to protect victim identities, ongoing investigations, and law enforcement techniques. It passed with near-unanimous support.
  • NoContinuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2026 — shutdown-ending vote · H.R. 5371 · Passed 222–209 · 2025-11-12 roll call ↗The bill reopened the federal government after a 43-day shutdown by funding most agencies through January 30, 2026, and providing full-year funding for a smaller group of agencies through September 2026. It also reversed shutdown-related federal layoffs and funded SNAP benefits retroactively.
  • NoCLARITY Act — digital asset market structure · H.R. 3633 · Passed 294–134 · 2025-07-17 roll call ↗The CLARITY Act creates a regulatory framework dividing oversight of digital assets between the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission. It sets registration and disclosure requirements for cryptocurrency exchanges and other digital-asset intermediaries.
  • YesGENIUS Act — stablecoin regulation · S. 1582 · Passed 308–122 · 2025-07-17 roll call ↗The GENIUS Act creates a federal regulatory framework for payment stablecoins, requiring issuers to hold reserves backing their tokens on a one-to-one basis and to comply with new disclosure and licensing rules. It was the first major piece of cryptocurrency legislation enacted into federal law.
  • NoOne Big Beautiful Bill Act — final passage · H.R. 1 · Passed 218–214 · 2025-07-03 roll call ↗H.R. 1, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, extends and expands the 2017 tax cuts, adds new deductions for tips, overtime pay, and seniors, and raises the cap on state and local tax deductions. It increases border security and defense spending while cutting projected Medicaid and SNAP spending and adding new work requirements; President Trump signed it into law on July 4, 2025.
  • NoRescissions Act of 2025 · H.R. 4 · Passed 214–212 · 2025-06-12 roll call ↗The Rescissions Act canceled about $9 billion in previously approved federal spending, mostly for foreign aid programs and for the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. It was the first rescissions package Congress had approved in decades.
  • NoOne Big Beautiful Bill Act — House passage · H.R. 1 · Passed 215–214 · 2025-05-22 roll call ↗H.R. 1 extends and modifies the 2017 individual and business tax cuts, creates new deductions for tips and overtime pay, and increases spending on border security and defense. It also reduces projected spending on Medicaid and food-assistance programs and adds new work requirements for some recipients.
  • NoSAVE Act — proof-of-citizenship voter registration · H.R. 22 · Passed 220–208 · 2025-04-10 roll call ↗The SAVE Act would require individuals to provide documentary proof of U.S. citizenship in person when registering to vote in federal elections. It also directs states to establish procedures to remove noncitizens identified on voter rolls.
  • NoFull-Year Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025 · H.R. 1968 · Passed 217–213 · 2025-03-11 roll call ↗The bill funded the federal government through the remainder of fiscal year 2025, largely at prior-year spending levels, averting a shutdown ahead of a March 14 deadline. It also extended several expiring health and other program authorizations.
  • NoLaken Riley Act — final passage · S. 5 · Passed 263–156 · 2025-01-22 roll call ↗The Laken Riley Act requires the Department of Homeland Security to detain undocumented immigrants who are arrested, charged, or convicted for theft, burglary, or certain violent crimes. It also allows state attorneys general to sue the federal government over certain immigration enforcement decisions.

On the record — official actions

  • bill2026-07-13 · Authored the BUILD Housing Act, the Unlocking Housing Supply Through Streamlined and Modernized Reviews Act, the RESIDE Act, and the Property Improvement and Manufactured Housing Loan Modernization Act, all included in the 21st Century ROAD to Housing Act that became law on July 13, 2026.[4]
  • bill2026-04-21 · Introduced the bipartisan Payments Access and Consumer Efficiency (PACE) Act with Rep. Young Kim (R-CA) to modernize payment-processing access and reduce consumer fees.[4]
  • actionAssigned to the House Committee on Financial Services in the 119th Congress (2025-2026).[2]
  • actionServed on the San Jose City Council and as mayor of San Jose from 2015 to 2023.[2]

Positions on the issues

  • SupportsLoosen zoning rules to build more housing

    Led or co-led four bills included in the 21st Century ROAD to Housing Act, which his office describes as the most significant federal housing reform package in more than 30 years, including the BUILD Housing Act and the Unlocking Housing Supply Through Streamlined and Modernized Reviews Act.[4]

  • OpposesExpand immigration enforcement and deportationsFrom recorded votes

    Voted no on Laken Riley Act (S. 5, 2025-01-22). Voted no on One Big Beautiful Bill Act (H.R. 1, 2025-05-22; 2025-07-03), which funded expanded immigration enforcement, detention and border operations.[7][8][9][10]

  • SupportsExpand public health coverageFrom recorded votes

    Voted no on One Big Beautiful Bill Act (H.R. 1, 2025-05-22; 2025-07-03), which reduced federal Medicaid spending and added Medicaid work requirements. Voted yes on Breaking the Gridlock Act (H.R. 1834, 2026-01-08).[8][9][10][11]

  • SupportsFaster transition away from fossil fuelsFrom recorded votes

    Voted no on One Big Beautiful Bill Act (H.R. 1, 2025-05-22; 2025-07-03), which phased out Inflation Reduction Act clean-energy tax credits.[8][9][10]

  • SupportsRaise taxes on high earners or corporationsFrom recorded votes

    Voted no on One Big Beautiful Bill Act (H.R. 1, 2025-05-22; 2025-07-03), which made the 2017 individual tax rates, including the 37% top rate, permanent.[8][9][10]

  • OpposesBroad tariffs on imported goodsFrom recorded votes

    Voted yes on Resolution disapproving tariffs on Canada (H.J. Res. 72, 2026-02-11).[12]

In their words — priorities

  • Campaign site lists making housing more affordable, reducing the cost of living, and protecting rights and democracy as his core priorities.[3]
  • Launched "Innovation for Good" (I4G), an effort he describes as building a pragmatic, pro-innovation Democratic majority in Congress by leveraging technology to address national challenges.[3]

Background

  • Grew up in San Jose, California. Earned a bachelor's degree from Georgetown University, a master's degree in public policy from Harvard University, and a law degree from Harvard Law School.[2]
  • Worked as a prosecutor of sexual assault and child exploitation crimes in the Santa Clara County District Attorney's Office and as a federal prosecutor.[2]
  • Served on the San Jose City Council before being elected mayor of San Jose, serving from 2015 to 2023.[2]

Campaign money

Raised $3.5M · spent $1.4M · $2.2M cash on hand (through 2026-06-30) FEC filing ↗

Peter Soule

R

Won the June 2, 2026 top-two primary with about 11% of the vote.

Peter Soule is a Republican candidate for California's 16th Congressional District, campaigning on public safety, reducing state regulation, lowering housing and energy costs, and immigration enforcement.[5]

Basic profile — the most important sourced facts we found.

Positions on the issues

  • SupportsExpand immigration enforcement and deportations

    Says he will advocate for withholding federal dollars from cities that enforce sanctuary-city policies that prevent the deportation of people in the country illegally who commit crimes.[5]

  • OpposesStricter gun laws

    Says he will oppose local policies that limit Second Amendment rights.[5]

  • MixedLoosen zoning rules to build more housing

    Proposes banning large financial institutions from buying single-family homes and shielding home-selling retirees from capital gains tax, rather than proposals to loosen zoning or increase construction directly.[5]

  • SupportsPublic funding for school choice (vouchers / charters)

    Says he will work to enact federal policies protecting parental rights and enabling parents to send children to a school of their choice.[5]

In their words — priorities

  • Says he will advocate for withholding federal funds from cities with sanctuary-city policies and for removing federal highway funds from states that issue commercial driver's licenses to people who cannot read English.[5]
  • Says he will work to lower the cost of water for farmers by reforming the federal Endangered Species Act and increasing water storage capacity, and to make energy more affordable by easing restrictions on oil drilling and refineries in California.[5]
  • Says he will work to reduce housing costs by banning large financial institutions from buying single-family homes and shielding Baby Boomers who sell homes from capital gains tax.[5]

Background

  • Earned a bachelor's degree from the University of California, Santa Barbara, and a graduate degree from Golden Gate University.[6]

Campaign money

Raised $400 · spent $0 · $400 cash on hand (through 2026-06-30) FEC filing ↗

Sources · 12

Researched 2026-09-25. Green citations are official government records.

  1. 1.United States House of Representatives elections in California, 2026 · Ballotpedia · 2026-09-25 Reference
  2. 2.Sam Liccardo · Ballotpedia Reference
  3. 3.samliccardo.com · Sam Liccardo for Congress campaign website Candidate's own words
  4. 4.Lowering Costs · Office of Rep. Sam Liccardo Official record
  5. 5.Issues That Matter · Peter Soule for Congress campaign website Candidate's own words
  6. 6.Peter Soule · Ballotpedia Reference
  7. 7.Roll call: Laken Riley Act — final passage · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House · 2025-01-22 Official record
  8. 8.Roll call: One Big Beautiful Bill Act — House passage · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House · 2025-05-22 Official record
  9. 9.H.R. 1 (119th Congress) — One Big Beautiful Bill Act: text and summary · Congress.gov Official record
  10. 10.Roll call: One Big Beautiful Bill Act — final passage · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House · 2025-07-03 Official record
  11. 11.Roll call: Breaking the Gridlock Act — ACA subsidy extension · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House · 2026-01-08 Official record
  12. 12.Roll call: Resolution disapproving tariffs on Canada · Office of the Clerk, U.S. House · 2026-02-11 Official record